Immigration

Borders

Borders

Why do States Build Walls(Study)[2015]

Borders constitute the international system of states. Accordingly, states will, from time to time, take assertive measures to secure the border, with among the most aggressive strategies being the construction of physical barriers, which we refer to as “border walls.” Using original data on man-made border wall construction from 1800 to 2014, we theorize and find that in many cases, wall construction is about economic security. Significant economic disparities between the states will create incentives to illegally transport people or move goods readily available in the poorer country but highly regulated in the richer country. We find that economic disparities have a substantial and significant impact on the presence of a physical wall that is independent of formal border disputes and concerns over instability from civil wars in neighbors. In other words, “prominent examples such as the Maginot Line”, constructed largely out of fear of attack, is an exception, not the exemplar, of the reasons states construct border walls.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022002715596776

 

Borders

List of Countries with Border-Barriers(Wiki)

Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the Sort both.gif icon.

Name Countries affected Built and maintained by Date built Length (km) Type Deaths during crossing attempts References
Argentina–Paraguay Argentina and Paraguay Argentina 2014 1.3 Anti-illegal immigration   [4]
Austrian border barrier Austria, Italy, and Slovenia Austria 2015 3.7 Anti-illegal immigration   [5]
Belize–Guatemala Belize and Guatemala Belize Proposed, agreed N/A Disputed territory and anti-illegal immigration    
Botswana–Zimbabwe Botswana and Zimbabwe Botswana 2003 500 Protection of livestock against disease (Botswana), anti-immigration (purported from Zimbabwe officials) 8 [6]
Brunei–Malaysia Brunei and the city of Limbang, Malaysia Brunei 2005 20 Anti-illegal immigration    
Bulgaria–Turkey barrier Bulgaria and Turkey Bulgaria 2014 30 Anti-illegal immigration   [7]
Calais border barrier United Kingdom and France United Kingdom and France 2016 1 Anti-illegal immigration   [8]
Ceuta border fence Spain and Morocco Spain 2001 8 Anti-illegal immigration 13-18 depending on estimates.[9]  
Costa Rica–Nicaragua Costa Rica and Nicaragua Costa Rica Proposed N/A Anti-illegal immigration    
Green Line (Cyprus) Cyprus and Northern Cyprus Cyprus and the United Nations 1964 180 Buffer Zone    
Chinese–Korean border fence China and North Korea China 2011 1,416 Anti-illegal immigration   [10]
Denmark–Germany border fence Denmark and Germany Denmark 2019 70 Wildlife control (official), Anti-immigration (third party claims)   [11][12][13]
Dominican–Haiti border fence Dominican Republic and Haiti Dominican Republic Announced 2021 N/A Anti-illegal immigration and crime   [14]
Egypt–Gaza barrier Egypt and Gaza Strip Egypt 1979, subterranean barrier under construction 3.1 Anti-terrorism and anti-illegal immigration   [15]
Estonia–Russia barrier Estonia and Russia Estonia 2018 110 Against Russian intrusion, illegal trade and illegal immigration   [16]
Greece–Turkey border Greece and Turkey Greece 2012, expanded 2021[17][18] 200 Anti-illegal immigration   [19][20][21][22]
North Macedonia–Greece barrier North Macedonia and Greece North Macedonia 2015 30 Anti-illegal immigration   [23]
Malaysia–Thailand border Thailand and Malaysia Thailand Proposed 650 Anti-terrorism    
Melilla border fence Spain and Morocco Spain 1998 11 Anti-illegal immigration    
Hungary–Serbia barrier Hungary and Serbia Hungary 2015 175 Anti-illegal immigration   [24][25][26][27][28]
Hungary–Croatia barrier Hungary and Croatia Hungary 2015 41 Anti-illegal immigration    
India–Bangladesh barrier India and Bangladesh India Under construction 3,268 Anti-illegal immigration    
India–Myanmar barrier India and Myanmar India Under construction 1,624 Anti-drug smuggling and anti-terrorism    
India–Pakistan barrier India and Pakistan India 2004 550 Anti-terrorism   [29]
Iran–Pakistan barrier Iran and Pakistan Iran Under construction 959 Anti-terrorism and Anti-drug smuggling   [30][31][32]
Israel-West Bank barrier Israel and Palestine Israel Partially Completed 708 Anti-terrorism (disputed territory)   [33]
Israel-Egypt barrier Israel and Egypt Israel 2013 245 Anti-illegal immigration    
Israel-Lebanon barrier Israel and Lebanon Israel 2018 11 Conflict zone    
Israel-Gaza barrier Israel and Gaza Strip Israel 1994 N/A Anti-terrorism    
Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan barrier Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan Kazakhstan 2006 45 Anti-drug smuggling    
Korean Demilitarized Zone North Korea and South Korea North Korea and United Nations Command 1953 248 Conflict zone    
Kruger National Park South Africa and Mozambique South Africa 1975 120 Anti-illegal immigration 89 (Army), over 200 (Various churches)  
South Africa–Zimbabwe Border South Africa and Zimbabwe South Africa 2000s 225 Anti-illegal immigration, anti-drug smuggling, anti-weapon smuggling   [34][35][36][37]
Kuwait–Iraq barrier Kuwait and Iraq Kuwait 1991 193 Conflict zone    
Latvia–Russia border fence Latvia and Russia Latvia 2015 90 Anti-illegal immigration   [38]
Libya–Tunisia barrier Libya and Tunisia Tunisia TBA 460 Anti-terrorism, Anti-illegal immigration    
Lithuania–Kaliningrad border fence Lithuania and Russia Lithuania 2017 130 Anti-smuggling, anti-illegal immigration, anti-invasion   [39]
Moroccan Western Sahara Wall Morocco and Western Sahara Morocco 1980 2,700 Conflict zone   [40][41]
Norway–Russia border barrier Norway and Russia Norway 2016 200 Anti-illegal immigration   [42]
Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier Pakistan and Afghanistan Pakistan ongoing 2,670 Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration, anti drug smuggling   [43][44]
Poland–Belarus barrier Poland and Belarus Poland under construction 186 Anti-illegal immigration 21[45] [46][47][48][49][50]
Saudi–Yemen barrier Saudi Arabia and Yemen Saudi Arabia 2004 75 Anti-illegal immigration    
Saudi–Iraq barrier Saudi Arabia and Iraq Saudi Arabia 2014 900 Anti-illegal immigration and conflict zone   [51][52][53]
Slovenia–Croatia barrier Slovenia and Croatia Slovenia 2016 220 Anti-illegal immigration   [54][55][56]
Serbia–North Macedonia barrier Serbia and North Macedonia Serbia 2020 240 Anti-illegal immigration   [57]
Turkey–Syria border barrier Turkey and Syria Turkey 2018 828 Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration and smuggling   [58]
Turkey–Iran border barrier Turkey and Iran Turkey 2019 144 Anti-terrorism, anti-illegal immigration and smuggling    
Turkmen–Uzbekistan barrier Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan Turkmenistan 2001 1,700 Anti-illegal immigration    
Ukraine–Russia barrier Ukraine and Russia Ukraine Under construction 2,000 Anti Weapon Smuggling and Conflict zone    
United Arab Emirates–Oman barrier United Arab Emirates and Oman United Arab Emirates 2018 410 Anti-illegal immigration    
Mexico–United States barrier United States and Mexico United States Partially Constructed 1,000 Anti-illegal immigration and smuggling   [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]
Uzbek–Afghanistan barrier Uzbekistan and Afghanistan Uzbekistan 2001 209 Anti-illegal immigration    
Uzbek–Kyrgyzstan barrier Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan Uzbekistan 1999 870 Conflict zone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_barrier

 

Impacts

Impacts

Estimated Percentage of Workers Who Were Undocumented Immigrants US(Statista)[2017]

undocumented.PNG

https://www.statista.com/statistics/652960/employed-undocumented-immigrants-in-the-us-by-industry/

 

Impacts

The Fiscal Burden of Illegal Immigration on US Taxpayers(FAIR)[2017]

https://www.fairus.org/issue/publications-resources/fiscal-burden-illegal-immigration-united-states-taxpayers

 

Impacts

Federal Benefits to Unauthorized Immigrants(NCSL)[2014]

In general, unauthorized immigrants within the United States are not eligible for any federal public benefits, except:

Note: Exceptions 2 and 3 above only grant access to disaster relief and emergency assistance for the protection of  life and safety, and do not extend to non-emergency aid based on each recipient’s need.

Unauthorized immigrants are eligible for the following nutrition assistance programs:

Note: States may, at their discretion, deny unauthorized immigrants’ access to the above programs.

Unauthorized immigrants also appear to be able to receive services provided by federally funded community health centers regardless of immigration status; however, migrant health center services are statutorily prohibited to unauthorized immigrants by Title IV of PRWORA.

Affordable Care Act:  Unauthorized immigrants and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) grantees are not eligible to purchase insurance on the exchanges or receive premium tax credits or lower copayments; they are exempt from the individual mandate.

https://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/federal-benefits-to-unauthorized-immigrants.aspx

 

Impacts

US Citizen vs Non-US Citizen Crime Stats [L] (USDOJ BJS)

crimeillegal.PNG

Process

Process

Process for Becoming a Citizen [L] (USCIS)

Web capture_29-5-2022_22425_www.uscis.gov.jpeg

https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship/learn-about-citizenship/10-steps-to-naturalization

 

Process

Process for Getting a Green Card [L] (USCIS)

Web capture_29-5-2022_22514_www.uscis.gov.jpeg

https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/green-card-processes-and-procedures

 

Process

Process for Seeking Asylum [L] (USCIS)

Web capture_29-5-2022_22556_www.uscis.gov.jpeg

https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/refugees-and-asylum/asylum/obtaining-asylum-in-the-united-states

 

Process

Seeking Asylum - General Info [L] (WIKI)

Web capture_29-5-2022_22639_en.wikipedia.org.jpeg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asylum_in_the_United_States